Effects of feed additives on poultry

Abstract: Feed additives are small amounts of nutritional or non-nutritive substances added to feed in order to meet the special needs of animals. The development of modern intensive breeding industry has made feed additives play an increasingly important role in poultry feed processing. The rational use of feed additives can increase feed utilization, prevent disease, promote healthy growth of poultry, improve product quality, improve product competitiveness, and create Better economic benefits.
Keywords: feed additive; small amount; economic benefit

      With the development of modern animal husbandry, feed additives are widely used in poultry breeding industry. Feed additives can improve the nutritional value and total value of feed, increase feed utilization and promote poultry growth; prevent diseases and improve the health of poultry; improve The physical properties of feed, improve the processing and storage characteristics of feed; improve the quality of animal products. However, there are some misunderstandings in the use of feed additives. Some farmers think that the more types of feed additives are added, the better. In fact, feed additives should be added reasonably according to the needs of poultry breeds and physiological periods. The dosage and method of addition are very important. Abuse of feed additives not only fails to achieve the expected results but also reduces production, residues and poisoning. With the improvement of the living economy, modern people's awareness of food safety is becoming stronger and stronger, and the quality requirements of animal products are becoming higher and higher. Therefore, green, safe and pollution-free feed additives are added to feeds. Scientific green breeding products are favoured.
 

1 Classification and main functions of feed additives

      Feed additives are divided into nutritional feed additives and general feed additives (including pharmaceutical additives).
      Nutritional additives include feed-grade amino acids, vitamins, mineral trace elements, and non-protein nitrogen. Its main role is to provide the nutrients necessary for the healthy growth of poultry, improve the amino acid balance of the diet, increase protein utilization, and promote poultry growth; improve meat quality; promote calcium absorption; resist stress; improve disease resistance; improve and improve Animal digestive function to prevent the occurrence of systemic digestive diseases.
      General feed additives include feed pharmaceutical additives (antibiotics and synthetic antibacterials), probiotics, enzyme preparations, acidulants, Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts, antifungal agents, feed preparation agents, flavouring agents, etc. General feed additives are used to improve feed utilization, ensure feed quality and quality, attract and flavor, and benefit animal metabolism and health. Antibiotics have been gradually replaced by pollution-free feed additives in modern farming. Natural medicinal plant products Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, microecological preparations (probiotics and probiotics), enzyme preparations, oligosaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, acid preparations, etc. It belongs to pollution-free feed additives. It has comprehensive functions, rich nutrition, and is fed with food without residues. It does not produce drug-resistant strains and toxic and side effects. Poultry products raised by these additives are sought after by people.
 

2 Effects of feed additives on poultry production performance and physiological functions

      Feed additives have a very important effect on the performance and physiological functions of feed poultry. The most commonly used additives in poultry farming are microecological preparations, enzyme preparations, oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides and Chinese herbal medicine feed additives.
      Microecological preparations can improve the microflora in chickens, reduce the incidence of salmonella and coccidiosis, and have a good effect on improving the disease resistance and immunity of chickens. Feeding chicks with microecological preparations can make serum and intestines in vivo The increased enzyme activity in the tract is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of nutrients and reduces the feed-to-meat ratio. Adding micro-ecological preparations to the laying hens' drinking water in summer can increase heat dissipation and alleviate the heat stress response of the flock. Chinese herbal medicine feed additives are widely used in animal product breeding to have bacteriostatic effects, can improve the balance of intestinal flora in poultry, and promote the absorption and utilization of feed; it can improve product performance, reduce production costs, enhance immunity, and promote growth, Improving the quality of ketones in poultry and naturally enhancing the competitiveness of products, especially in the breeding of Chinese herbal medicines in broiler chickens can reduce the abdominal fat rate in the body and increase the leg muscles and breast muscles of broilers; The microbial flora promotes the growth of broilers; commonly used enzyme preparations such as proteases, amylases, and lipases can make up for digestive problems caused by insufficient digestive enzymes, and improve feed conversion and economic benefits.
      Other additives such as Functional oils can increase the apparent metabolic energy of broilers, significantly improve the surface area of ​​flocks in the poultry, increase the ability of the gut to absorb nutrients, and improve production performance; organic arsenic preparations have a role in the growth of young birds. Promoting effect; adding 0.15% to 0.19% sodium in the feed can increase broiler carcass weight and breast muscle weight. Too high or too low concentration will have a negative impact on the performance of broiler chickens. Feeding with 0.25% sodium bisulfate Diets improve broiler performance and reduce Salmonella levels in the environment.
 

3 Effects of feed additives on fat metabolism in poultry

      Additives in feed have a very important effect on fat metabolism. Too much body fat in poultry will not only cause waste of feed but also affect carcass quality. Laying hens will cause fatty liver and affect egg production. Some additives in the feed have an effect on the fat metabolism of poultry: soy flavonoids can promote fat metabolism in animals and improve the body's immunity. L-carnitine can inhibit fat synthesis and promote fat decomposition, thereby improving meat quality. Betaine, nicotinic acid, and chitosan have the effects of reducing body fat synthesis, increasing fat breakdown, or redistributing body fat.

4 Attention to feed additives

      The rational use of feed additives has a positive impact on the poultry industry while providing the body with the necessary nutrients, resisting stress, protecting the body's immune organs, and improving immunity; enhancing material metabolism and feed conversion rates and increasing economic benefits for farmers. When using feed additives, several problems are easy to occur:

(1) Insufficient or excessive dosage, excessive use will also affect the health of livestock and poultry, such as trace elements: normal use of iron, copper, and zinc can promote growth, but Excessive addition affects the normal metabolism of birds.

(2) Abuse of antibiotics, the formation of drug residues and the disruption of the ecological balance of microbial cells in the body.

(3) The use of hormones can promote growth, and a large amount of use will remain in animal foods. People's long-term use of such foods affects the human body's hormone levels, and there is a risk of precocious puberty, carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, and mutation. Many countries have banned the use of antibiotics in feeds. We call on farmers to use scientific, safe and pollution-free feed additives during the breeding process.